Key references on heart failure.

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Morgan HE, Baker KM. Cardiac hypertrophy: mechanical, neural, and endocrine dependence. Circulation. 1991;83:13-25. Review. Morgan HE. Cellular aspects of cardiac failure. Circulation. 1993;87(suppl IV):IV-4-IV-6. Review. Lakatta EG. Excitation-contraction coupling in heart failure. Hosp Pract. 1991;26:85-88, 91-98. Review. Morgan JP. Abnormal intracellular modulation of calcium as a major cause of cardiac contractile dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:625 -632. Review. Spann JF Jr, Buccino RA, Sonnenblick EH, Braunwald E. Contractile state of cardiac muscle obtained from cats with experimentally produced ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. Circ Res. 1967;21:341-354. Komuro I, Katoh Y, Kaida T, Shibazaki Y, Kurabayashi M, Hoh E, Takaku F, Yazaki Y. Mechanical loading stimulates cell hypertrophy and specific gene expression in cultured rat cardiac myocytes. J Biol Chem. 1991;266:1265-1268. Sadoshima J, Jahn L, Takahashi T, Kulik TJ, Izumo S. Molecular characterization of the stretch-induced adaptation of cultured cardiac cells: an in vitro model of load-induced cardiac hypertrophy. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:10551-10560. Lompre AM, Schwartz K, d'Albis A, Lacombe G, Thiem NV, Swynghedauw B. Myosin isoenzymes redistribution in chronic heart overloading. Nature. 1979;282:105-107. Swynghedauw B. Developmental and functional adaptation of contractile proteins in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Physiol Rev. 1986;66:710-771. Izumo S, Nadal-Ginard B, Mahdavi V. Proto-oncogene induction and reprogramming of cardiac gene expression produced by pressure overload. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1988;85:339-343. Morano I, Arndt H, Gartner C, Ruegg JC. Skinned fibers of human atrium and ventricle: myosin isoenzymes and contractility. Circ Res. 1988;62:632-639. Solaro RJ. Myosin and why hearts fail. Circulation. 1992; 85:1945-1947.